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计时器

原文: https://www.backtrader.com/blog/posts/2017-05-03-timers/timers/

发行版1.9.44.116计时器添加到backtrader中可用的工具库中。此功能允许在给定时间点通过细粒度的最终用户控制回拨notify_timer(可在CerebroStrategy中使用)。

笔记

1.9.46.116中进行了一些更正

选择权

  • 基于绝对时间输入或会话开始/结束时间的计时器

  • 时间规范的时区规范,可以是直接或通过pytz兼容对象或通过数据馈送会话结束时间

  • 相对于指定时间的起始偏移量

  • 重复间隔

  • 工作日过滤器(带结转选项)

  • Monthdays 过滤器(带结转选项)

  • 自定义回调筛选器

使用模式

CerebroStrategy子类中,计时器回调将通过以下方法接收。

def notify_timer(self, timer, when, *args, **kwargs):
    '''Receives a timer notification where ``timer`` is the timer which was
    returned by ``add_timer``, and ``when`` is the calling time. ``args``
    and ``kwargs`` are any additional arguments passed to ``add_timer``

    The actual ``when`` time can be later, but the system may have not be
    able to call the timer before. This value is the timer value and not the
    system time.
    ''' 

添加计时器-通过策略

用这个方法完成

def add_timer(self, when,
              offset=datetime.timedelta(), repeat=datetime.timedelta(),
              weekdays=[], weekcarry=False,
              monthdays=[], monthcarry=True,
              allow=None,
              tzdata=None, cheat=False,
              *args, **kwargs):
    ''' 

返回创建的Timer实例。

有关参数的说明,请参见下文。

添加计时器-通过大脑

使用相同的方法完成,只需添加参数strats。如果设置为True,计时器不仅会通知大脑,还会通知系统中运行的所有策略。

def add_timer(self, when,
              offset=datetime.timedelta(), repeat=datetime.timedelta(),
              weekdays=[], weekcarry=False,
              monthdays=[], monthcarry=True,
              allow=None,
              tzdata=None, cheat=False, strats=False,
              *args, **kwargs):
    ''' 

返回创建的Timer实例。

计时器什么时候叫

如果cheat=False

这是默认设置。在这种情况下,将调用计时器:

  • 数据馈送加载当前条的新值后

  • 经纪人评估订单并重新计算投资组合价值后

  • 重新计算指标之前(因为这是由策略触发的)

  • 在调用任何策略的任何next方法之前

如果cheat=True

在这种情况下,将调用计时器:

  • 数据馈送加载当前条的新值后

  • 之前,经纪人已评估订单并重新计算投资组合价值

  • 因此,在重新计算指标和调用任何策略的next方法之前

例如,它允许使用每日条形图执行以下场景:

  • 在代理对新条进行求值之前,将调用计时器

  • 指示器具有前一天收盘时的值,可用于生成进入/退出信号(或在next的最后一次评估期间设置了标志)

  • 由于新价格可用,因此可以使用开盘价计算股权。这假设一个人可以通过观看开幕式拍卖获得关于open的良好指示。

与每日酒吧一起跑步

样本scheduled.py默认使用backtrader发行版中可用的标准日线运行。战略的参数

class St(bt.Strategy):
    params = dict(
        when=bt.timer.SESSION_START,
        timer=True,
        cheat=False,
        offset=datetime.timedelta(),
        repeat=datetime.timedelta(),
        weekdays=[],
    ) 

并且数据具有以下会话时间:

  • 开始时间:09:00

  • 完:17 时 30 分

用一段时间跑步

$ ./scheduled.py --strat when='datetime.time(15,30)'

strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-03 15:30:00 cheat False
1, 2005-01-03 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 2952.29, H 2989.61, L 2946.8, C 2970.02
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-04 15:30:00 cheat False
2, 2005-01-04 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 2969.78, H 2979.88, L 2961.14, C 2971.12
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-05 15:30:00 cheat False
3, 2005-01-05 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 3, O 2969.0, H 2969.0, L 2942.69, C 2947.19
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-06 15:30:00 cheat False
... 

按照规定,计时器在15:30处滴答作响。这并不奇怪。让我们加上 30 分钟的偏移量。

$ ./scheduled.py --strat when='datetime.time(15,30)',offset='datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)'

strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-03 16:00:00 cheat False
1, 2005-01-03 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 2952.29, H 2989.61, L 2946.8, C 2970.02
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-04 16:00:00 cheat False
2, 2005-01-04 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 2969.78, H 2979.88, L 2961.14, C 2971.12
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-05 16:00:00 cheat False
... 

计时器的时间从15:30变为16:00。没有意外。让我们做同样的事情,但是参考会话的开始。

$ ./scheduled.py --strat when='bt.timer.SESSION_START',offset='datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)'

strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-03 09:30:00 cheat False
1, 2005-01-03 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 2952.29, H 2989.61, L 2946.8, C 2970.02
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-04 09:30:00 cheat False
2, 2005-01-04 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 2969.78, H 2979.88, L 2961.14, C 2971.12
... 

瞧!调用回调的时间为09:30。会话开始,如上所述,是09:00。这样就可以简单地说,您希望在会话开始后的 30 分钟内执行一个动作。

让我们添加一个重复:

$ ./scheduled.py --strat when='bt.timer.SESSION_START',offset='datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)',repeat='datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)'

strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-03 09:30:00 cheat False
1, 2005-01-03 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 2952.29, H 2989.61, L 2946.8, C 2970.02
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-04 09:30:00 cheat False
2, 2005-01-04 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 2969.78, H 2979.88, L 2961.14, C 2971.12
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-05 09:30:00 cheat False
... 

没有重复。原因是价格的决定每天都在进行。在09:30为 1st时间调用计时器,如前一示例中所示。但是,当系统获得下一批价格时,它们将在第二天发生。显然,计时器只能调用一次。需要更低的分辨率。

但是在转到较低的分辨率之前,让我们在会话结束之前调用计时器来作弊。

$ ./scheduled.py --strat when='bt.timer.SESSION_START',cheat=True

strategy notify_timer with tid 1, when 2005-01-03 09:00:00 cheat True
-- 2005-01-03 Create buy order
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-03 09:00:00 cheat False
1, 2005-01-03 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 2952.29, H 2989.61, L 2946.8, C 2970.02
strategy notify_timer with tid 1, when 2005-01-04 09:00:00 cheat True
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-04 09:00:00 cheat False
-- 2005-01-04 Buy Exec @ 2969.78
2, 2005-01-04 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 2969.78, H 2979.88, L 2961.14, C 2971.12
strategy notify_timer with tid 1, when 2005-01-05 09:00:00 cheat True
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-05 09:00:00 cheat False
... 

该策略添加了一个 2计时器,并带有cheat=True。这增加了 2nd,因此将接收到 2ndtid定时器 id),即1(参见上述示例中分配的tid0

10之前被调用,因为该计时器是欺骗的,并且在系统中许多事件发生之前被调用(解释见上文)

由于价格的每日解析,除了以下几点之外,没有多大区别:

  • 该策略还将在开盘前发出订单,并在第二天与开盘价匹配

    即使在开盘前通过行为作弊,这仍然是正常的行为,因为开盘作弊在经纪人中也没有被激活。

相同,但经纪人的coo=True相同

$ ./scheduled.py --strat when='bt.timer.SESSION_START',cheat=True --broker coo=True

strategy notify_timer with tid 1, when 2005-01-03 09:00:00 cheat True
-- 2005-01-03 Create buy order
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-03 09:00:00 cheat False
-- 2005-01-03 Buy Exec @ 2952.29
1, 2005-01-03 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 2952.29, H 2989.61, L 2946.8, C 2970.02
strategy notify_timer with tid 1, when 2005-01-04 09:00:00 cheat True
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-04 09:00:00 cheat False
2, 2005-01-04 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 2969.78, H 2979.88, L 2961.14, C 2971.12
strategy notify_timer with tid 1, when 2005-01-05 09:00:00 cheat True
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2005-01-05 09:00:00 cheat False
... 

有些事情已经改变了。

  • 该命令在欺骗计时器中的2005-01-03发出

  • 订单于2005-01-03执行,开盘价为

    实际上,就像在市场真正开盘前几秒钟,一个人对开盘拍卖价格采取了行动一样。

用 5 分钟的棒跑

样本scheduled-min.py默认使用backtrader发行版中可用的标准 5 分钟条形图运行。该策略的参数被扩展为包括monthdays携带选项

class St(bt.Strategy):
    params = dict(
        when=bt.timer.SESSION_START,
        timer=True,
        cheat=False,
        offset=datetime.timedelta(),
        repeat=datetime.timedelta(),
        weekdays=[],
        weekcarry=False,
        monthdays=[],
        monthcarry=True,
    ) 

数据具有相同的会话时间:

  • 开始时间:09:00

  • 完:17 时 30 分

让我们做一些实验。首先是一个计时器。

$ ./scheduled-min.py --strat when='datetime.time(15, 30)'

1, 2006-01-02 09:05:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3578.73, H 3587.88, L 3578.73, C 3582.99
2, 2006-01-02 09:10:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3583.01, H 3588.4, L 3583.01, C 3588.03
...
77, 2006-01-02 15:25:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3599.07, H 3599.68, L 3598.47, C 3599.68
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-02 15:30:00 cheat False
78, 2006-01-02 15:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3599.64, H 3599.73, L 3599.0, C 3599.67
...
179, 2006-01-03 15:25:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 3634.72, H 3635.0, L 3634.06, C 3634.87
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-03 15:30:00 cheat False
180, 2006-01-03 15:30:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 3634.81, H 3634.89, L 3634.04, C 3634.23
... 

计时器在15:30处按要求启动。日志显示了它在 1st两天内是如何做到这一点的。

在混合物中加入15 minutesrepeat

$ ./scheduled-min.py --strat when='datetime.time(15, 30)',repeat='datetime.timedelta(minutes=15)'

...
74, 2006-01-02 15:10:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3596.12, H 3596.63, L 3595.92, C 3596.63
75, 2006-01-02 15:15:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3596.36, H 3596.65, L 3596.19, C 3596.65
76, 2006-01-02 15:20:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3596.53, H 3599.13, L 3596.12, C 3598.9
77, 2006-01-02 15:25:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3599.07, H 3599.68, L 3598.47, C 3599.68
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-02 15:30:00 cheat False
78, 2006-01-02 15:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3599.64, H 3599.73, L 3599.0, C 3599.67
79, 2006-01-02 15:35:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3599.61, H 3600.29, L 3599.52, C 3599.92
80, 2006-01-02 15:40:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3599.96, H 3602.06, L 3599.76, C 3602.05
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-02 15:45:00 cheat False
81, 2006-01-02 15:45:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3601.97, H 3602.07, L 3601.45, C 3601.83
82, 2006-01-02 15:50:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3601.74, H 3602.8, L 3601.63, C 3602.8
83, 2006-01-02 15:55:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3602.53, H 3602.74, L 3602.33, C 3602.61
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-02 16:00:00 cheat False
84, 2006-01-02 16:00:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3602.58, H 3602.75, L 3601.81, C 3602.14
85, 2006-01-02 16:05:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3602.16, H 3602.16, L 3600.86, C 3600.96
86, 2006-01-02 16:10:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3601.2, H 3601.49, L 3600.94, C 3601.27
...
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-02 17:15:00 cheat False
99, 2006-01-02 17:15:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3603.96, H 3603.96, L 3602.89, C 3603.79
100, 2006-01-02 17:20:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3603.94, H 3605.95, L 3603.87, C 3603.91
101, 2006-01-02 17:25:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3604.0, H 3604.76, L 3603.85, C 3604.64
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-02 17:30:00 cheat False
102, 2006-01-02 17:30:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3604.06, H 3604.41, L 3603.95, C 3604.33
103, 2006-01-03 09:05:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 3604.08, H 3609.6, L 3604.08, C 3609.6
104, 2006-01-03 09:10:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 3610.34, H 3617.31, L 3610.34, C 3617.31
105, 2006-01-03 09:15:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 3617.61, H 3617.87, L 3616.03, C 3617.51
106, 2006-01-03 09:20:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 3617.24, H 3618.86, L 3616.09, C 3618.42
...
179, 2006-01-03 15:25:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 3634.72, H 3635.0, L 3634.06, C 3634.87
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-03 15:30:00 cheat False
180, 2006-01-03 15:30:00, Week 1, Day 2, O 3634.81, H 3634.89, L 3634.04, C 3634.23
... 

正如所料,1st呼叫在15:30触发,然后开始每 15 分钟重复一次,直到会话在17:30结束。当新会话开始时,计时器已再次重置为15:30

现在在课程开始前作弊

$ ./scheduled-min.py --strat when='bt.timer.SESSION_START',cheat=True

strategy notify_timer with tid 1, when 2006-01-02 09:00:00 cheat True
-- 2006-01-02 09:05:00 Create buy order
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-02 09:00:00 cheat False
1, 2006-01-02 09:05:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3578.73, H 3587.88, L 3578.73, C 3582.99
-- 2006-01-02 09:10:00 Buy Exec @ 3583.01
2, 2006-01-02 09:10:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3583.01, H 3588.4, L 3583.01, C 3588.03
... 

订单创建为 t09:05:00并在09:10:00执行,因为经纪人未处于开启欺骗模式。让我们设定它…

$ ./scheduled-min.py --strat when='bt.timer.SESSION_START',cheat=True --broker coo=True

strategy notify_timer with tid 1, when 2006-01-02 09:00:00 cheat True
-- 2006-01-02 09:05:00 Create buy order
strategy notify_timer with tid 0, when 2006-01-02 09:00:00 cheat False
-- 2006-01-02 09:05:00 Buy Exec @ 3578.73
1, 2006-01-02 09:05:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3578.73, H 3587.88, L 3578.73, C 3582.99
2, 2006-01-02 09:10:00, Week 1, Day 1, O 3583.01, H 3588.4, L 3583.01, C 3588.03
... 

发行时间和执行时间为09:05:00,执行价为09:05:00的开盘价。

其他场景

计时器允许通过传递一个天数列表(遵循 iso 规范的整数,其中 Mon=1 和 Sun=7)来指定必须在哪几天执行计时器,如中所示

  • weekdays=[5]这将要求计时器仅在星期五有效

    如果周五是非交易日,计时器应在下一个交易日启动,则可以添加weekcarry=True

与此类似,您可以决定在每月的 15采取行动,包括:

  • monthdays=[15]

    如果第 15恰巧是非交易日,且计时器应在下一个交易日启动,则可以添加monthcarry=True

类似于:3 月、6 月、9 月和 12 月的第三周五(期货/期权到期日)等事项没有实施,但有可能通过以下方式实施规则:

  • allow=callable其中可调用对象接受datetime.date实例。请注意,这不是一个datetime.datetime实例,因为允许可调用仅用于决定给定日期是否适合计时器。

    要实施类似于上述规则的内容:

    ```py class FutOpExp(object): def init(self): self.fridays = 0 self.curmonth = -1

    def __call__(self, d):
        _, _, isowkday = d.isocalendar()
    
        if d.month != self.curmonth:
            self.curmonth = d.month
            self.fridays = 0
    
        # Mon=1 ... Sun=7
        if isowkday == 5 and self.curmonth in [3, 6, 9, 12]:
            self.fridays += 1
    
            if self.friday == 3:  # 3rd Friday
                return True  # timer allowed
    
        return False  # timer disallowed
    

    ```

    我们可以通过allow=FutOpeExp()来创建计时器

    这将允许计时器在这几个月的第 3周五开始计时,并可能在期货到期前平仓。

add_timer的参数

- `when`: can be

  - `datetime.time` instance (see below `tzdata`)

  - `bt.timer.SESSION_START` to reference a session start

  - `bt.timer.SESSION_END` to reference a session end 
  • offset必须是datetime.timedelta实例

    用于偏移值when。它与SESSION_STARTSESSION_END结合使用,有意义地表示在会话开始后调用15 minutes计时器之类的事情。

    • repeat必须是datetime.timedelta实例

    指示在 1st呼叫后,是否会在同一会话中以预定的repeat增量安排更多呼叫

    一旦计时器在会话结束后被重置为when的原始值

    • weekdays:一个排序的iterable,带有整数,表示可以实际调用计时器的日期(iso 代码,周一是 1,周日是 7)

    如果未指定,计时器将在所有日期都处于活动状态

    • weekcarry(默认为False)。如果True和工作日不可见(例如:交易假日),计时器将在第二天执行(即使在新的一周内)

    • monthdays:一个排序的iterable,整数表示计时器必须在月份的哪几天执行。例如,始终在当月的第15

    如果未指定,计时器将在所有日期都处于活动状态

    • monthcarry(默认为True)。如果看不到该日(周末、交易日),计时器将在下一个可用日执行。

    • allow(默认为None)。接收 datetime.date实例并返回True的回调,如果允许计时器使用该日期,则返回False`

    • tzdata可以是None(默认)、一个pytz实例或一个data feed实例。

    Nonewhen按面值解释(这意味着即使不是 UTC,也要像对待 UTC 一样处理)

    pytz实例:when将被解释为在时区实例指定的本地时间内指定。

    data feed实例:when将被解释为数据馈送实例的tz参数指定的本地时间。

    :若whenSESSION_START

    py `SESSION_END` and `tzdata` is `None`, the 1st *data feed* in the system (aka `self.data0`) will be used as the reference to find out the session times.

    • strats(默认值:False)同时调用策略的notify_timer

    • cheat(默认False)如果True计时器将在经纪人有机会评估订单之前调用。这样就有机会根据开盘价发出订单,例如在会议开始之前

    • \*args:任何额外参数都将传递给notify_timer

    • \*\*kwargs:任何额外的 KWARG 将传递给notify_timer

样本使用scheduled.py

$ ./scheduled.py --help
usage: scheduled.py [-h] [--data0 DATA0] [--fromdate FROMDATE]
                    [--todate TODATE] [--cerebro kwargs] [--broker kwargs]
                    [--sizer kwargs] [--strat kwargs] [--plot [kwargs]]

Sample Skeleton

optional arguments:
  -h, --help           show this help message and exit
  --data0 DATA0        Data to read in (default:
                       ../../datas/2005-2006-day-001.txt)
  --fromdate FROMDATE  Date[time] in YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS] format (default: )
  --todate TODATE      Date[time] in YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS] format (default: )
  --cerebro kwargs     kwargs in key=value format (default: )
  --broker kwargs      kwargs in key=value format (default: )
  --sizer kwargs       kwargs in key=value format (default: )
  --strat kwargs       kwargs in key=value format (default: )
  --plot [kwargs]      kwargs in key=value format (default: ) 

样本使用scheduled-min.py

$ ./scheduled-min.py --help
usage: scheduled-min.py [-h] [--data0 DATA0] [--fromdate FROMDATE]
                        [--todate TODATE] [--cerebro kwargs] [--broker kwargs]
                        [--sizer kwargs] [--strat kwargs] [--plot [kwargs]]

Timer Test Intraday

optional arguments:
  -h, --help           show this help message and exit
  --data0 DATA0        Data to read in (default: ../../datas/2006-min-005.txt)
  --fromdate FROMDATE  Date[time] in YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS] format (default: )
  --todate TODATE      Date[time] in YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS] format (default: )
  --cerebro kwargs     kwargs in key=value format (default: )
  --broker kwargs      kwargs in key=value format (default: )
  --sizer kwargs       kwargs in key=value format (default: )
  --strat kwargs       kwargs in key=value format (default: )
  --plot [kwargs]      kwargs in key=value format (default: ) 

样本来源scheduled.py

from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
                        unicode_literals)

import argparse
import datetime

import backtrader as bt

class St(bt.Strategy):
    params = dict(
        when=bt.timer.SESSION_START,
        timer=True,
        cheat=False,
        offset=datetime.timedelta(),
        repeat=datetime.timedelta(),
        weekdays=[],
    )

    def __init__(self):
        bt.ind.SMA()
        if self.p.timer:
            self.add_timer(
                when=self.p.when,
                offset=self.p.offset,
                repeat=self.p.repeat,
                weekdays=self.p.weekdays,
            )
        if self.p.cheat:
            self.add_timer(
                when=self.p.when,
                offset=self.p.offset,
                repeat=self.p.repeat,
                cheat=True,
            )

        self.order = None

    def prenext(self):
        self.next()

    def next(self):
        _, isowk, isowkday = self.datetime.date().isocalendar()
        txt = '{}, {}, Week {}, Day {}, O {}, H {}, L {}, C {}'.format(
            len(self), self.datetime.datetime(),
            isowk, isowkday,
            self.data.open[0], self.data.high[0],
            self.data.low[0], self.data.close[0])

        print(txt)

    def notify_timer(self, timer, when, *args, **kwargs):
        print('strategy notify_timer with tid {}, when {} cheat {}'.
              format(timer.p.tid, when, timer.p.cheat))

        if self.order is None and timer.p.cheat:
            print('-- {} Create buy order'.format(self.data.datetime.date()))
            self.order = self.buy()

    def notify_order(self, order):
        if order.status == order.Completed:
            print('-- {} Buy Exec @ {}'.format(
                self.data.datetime.date(), order.executed.price))

def runstrat(args=None):
    args = parse_args(args)

    cerebro = bt.Cerebro()

    # Data feed kwargs
    kwargs = dict(
        timeframe=bt.TimeFrame.Days,
        compression=1,
        sessionstart=datetime.time(9, 0),
        sessionend=datetime.time(17, 30),
    )

    # Parse from/to-date
    dtfmt, tmfmt = '%Y-%m-%d', 'T%H:%M:%S'
    for a, d in ((getattr(args, x), x) for x in ['fromdate', 'todate']):
        if a:
            strpfmt = dtfmt + tmfmt * ('T' in a)
            kwargs[d] = datetime.datetime.strptime(a, strpfmt)

    # Data feed
    data0 = bt.feeds.BacktraderCSVData(dataname=args.data0, **kwargs)
    cerebro.adddata(data0)

    # Broker
    cerebro.broker = bt.brokers.BackBroker(**eval('dict(' + args.broker + ')'))

    # Sizer
    cerebro.addsizer(bt.sizers.FixedSize, **eval('dict(' + args.sizer + ')'))

    # Strategy
    cerebro.addstrategy(St, **eval('dict(' + args.strat + ')'))

    # Execute
    cerebro.run(**eval('dict(' + args.cerebro + ')'))

    if args.plot:  # Plot if requested to
        cerebro.plot(**eval('dict(' + args.plot + ')'))

def parse_args(pargs=None):
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
        description=(
            'Sample Skeleton'
        )
    )

    parser.add_argument('--data0', default='../../datas/2005-2006-day-001.txt',
                        required=False, help='Data to read in')

    # Defaults for dates
    parser.add_argument('--fromdate', required=False, default='',
                        help='Date[time] in YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS] format')

    parser.add_argument('--todate', required=False, default='',
                        help='Date[time] in YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS] format')

    parser.add_argument('--cerebro', required=False, default='',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    parser.add_argument('--broker', required=False, default='',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    parser.add_argument('--sizer', required=False, default='',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    parser.add_argument('--strat', required=False, default='',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    parser.add_argument('--plot', required=False, default='',
                        nargs='?', const='{}',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    return parser.parse_args(pargs)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    runstrat() 

样本来源scheduled-min.py

from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
                        unicode_literals)

import argparse
import datetime

import backtrader as bt

class St(bt.Strategy):
    params = dict(
        when=bt.timer.SESSION_START,
        timer=True,
        cheat=False,
        offset=datetime.timedelta(),
        repeat=datetime.timedelta(),
        weekdays=[],
        weekcarry=False,
        monthdays=[],
        monthcarry=True,
    )

    def __init__(self):
        bt.ind.SMA()
        if self.p.timer:
            self.add_timer(
                when=self.p.when,
                offset=self.p.offset,
                repeat=self.p.repeat,
                weekdays=self.p.weekdays,
                weekcarry=self.p.weekcarry,
                monthdays=self.p.monthdays,
                monthcarry=self.p.monthcarry,
                # tzdata=self.data0,
            )
        if self.p.cheat:
            self.add_timer(
                when=self.p.when,
                offset=self.p.offset,
                repeat=self.p.repeat,
                weekdays=self.p.weekdays,
                weekcarry=self.p.weekcarry,
                monthdays=self.p.monthdays,
                monthcarry=self.p.monthcarry,
                tzdata=self.data0,
                cheat=True,
            )

        self.order = None

    def prenext(self):
        self.next()

    def next(self):
        _, isowk, isowkday = self.datetime.date().isocalendar()
        txt = '{}, {}, Week {}, Day {}, O {}, H {}, L {}, C {}'.format(
            len(self), self.datetime.datetime(),
            isowk, isowkday,
            self.data.open[0], self.data.high[0],
            self.data.low[0], self.data.close[0])

        print(txt)

    def notify_timer(self, timer, when, *args, **kwargs):
        print('strategy notify_timer with tid {}, when {} cheat {}'.
              format(timer.p.tid, when, timer.p.cheat))

        if self.order is None and timer.params.cheat:
            print('-- {} Create buy order'.format(
                self.data.datetime.datetime()))
            self.order = self.buy()

    def notify_order(self, order):
        if order.status == order.Completed:
            print('-- {} Buy Exec @ {}'.format(
                self.data.datetime.datetime(), order.executed.price))

def runstrat(args=None):
    args = parse_args(args)
    cerebro = bt.Cerebro()

    # Data feed kwargs
    kwargs = dict(
        timeframe=bt.TimeFrame.Minutes,
        compression=5,
        sessionstart=datetime.time(9, 0),
        sessionend=datetime.time(17, 30),
    )

    # Parse from/to-date
    dtfmt, tmfmt = '%Y-%m-%d', 'T%H:%M:%S'
    for a, d in ((getattr(args, x), x) for x in ['fromdate', 'todate']):
        if a:
            strpfmt = dtfmt + tmfmt * ('T' in a)
            kwargs[d] = datetime.datetime.strptime(a, strpfmt)

    # Data feed
    data0 = bt.feeds.BacktraderCSVData(dataname=args.data0, **kwargs)
    cerebro.adddata(data0)

    # Broker
    cerebro.broker = bt.brokers.BackBroker(**eval('dict(' + args.broker + ')'))

    # Sizer
    cerebro.addsizer(bt.sizers.FixedSize, **eval('dict(' + args.sizer + ')'))

    # Strategy
    cerebro.addstrategy(St, **eval('dict(' + args.strat + ')'))

    # Execute
    cerebro.run(**eval('dict(' + args.cerebro + ')'))

    if args.plot:  # Plot if requested to
        cerebro.plot(**eval('dict(' + args.plot + ')'))

def parse_args(pargs=None):
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter,
        description=(
            'Timer Test Intraday'
        )
    )

    parser.add_argument('--data0', default='../../datas/2006-min-005.txt',
                        required=False, help='Data to read in')

    # Defaults for dates
    parser.add_argument('--fromdate', required=False, default='',
                        help='Date[time] in YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS] format')

    parser.add_argument('--todate', required=False, default='',
                        help='Date[time] in YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS] format')

    parser.add_argument('--cerebro', required=False, default='',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    parser.add_argument('--broker', required=False, default='',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    parser.add_argument('--sizer', required=False, default='',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    parser.add_argument('--strat', required=False, default='',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    parser.add_argument('--plot', required=False, default='',
                        nargs='?', const='{}',
                        metavar='kwargs', help='kwargs in key=value format')

    return parser.parse_args(pargs)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    runstrat() 

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